INTRODUCTION
The IPv4 protocol was created in 1981 like a technology supposed to last for a very long time, with an addressing space of 4000 millions of addresses, but the enormous growth of the internet and the way the addresses were assigned (classes A, B and C), resulted in a serious lack of addresses. There are several methods that avoid the total run out of addresses: PPP/DHCP (address sharing), CIDR (classless inter-domain routing) and NAT (network address translation), but do not seem to be enough in a few years, specially having into account the growing number of devices that need a permanent allocation of an IP address (UMTS, DSL, etc), and the applications that are end-to-end, and are not compatible with NAT (IPsec, VoIP, etc.).
Another problem is that, because of being designed many years ago, the funcionalities involved with security, mobility and quality are handled by additional protocols, because they are not integrated in the protocol itself.
So, these 2 problems, plus the fact of the great growth of the number of elements in the routing tables motivated the necessity of a new version of the protocol became very important, so a new working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) was created with the name: “IP next generation” (IPng). And some time later, the name was changed to IPv6. The main characteristics of this protocol had to be the following:
- Larger addressing space, structured addresses and no addresses classes.
- Automatic configuration.
- Simplified routing.
- Better structuring options for the networks.
- Improved security features.
- Support for real-time and multimedia services.
In this paper will be explained the main characteristics of IPv6, as well as the differences between both protocols, and the mechanisms to migrate nowadays networks form IPv4 to IPv6. After this, we will see the some conclusions about the existence of both protocols and the implications that this has in the way the internet works.
IP Addresses - A quick summary
• IPv4 addresses are a finite resource
– Less than 2% remaining
• But the demand for IP addresses will keep growing
– More devices are requiring IP addresses
– IP addresses are a pre-requisite for broadband
penetration
• The remaining 2% is not large enough to support
such demand
Only 18.5 million IPv4 addresses for a
population of 1.2 billion in India.
• But the requirement for IP addresses will keep
increasing with new services, new networks, new
applications.
• Telecommunications will be largest consumer of IP
addresses in coming years (Broadband, 3G, NGN, 4G,
LTE etc.)
• IPv4 is a diminishing resource and is very costly compared to
IPv6 right now and will be more costlier with passage of time
IPv6 is the only solution !on ?
Initiatives by Government
Various issues on IPv6 were deliberated
at different levels in DoT, DIT,TRAI and
other Stakeholders during previous years
based on which Telecom Commission in
2009 entrusted TEC for IPv6 related
activities in addition to others
IPv6 Activities of TEC
Actionable Points of “National IPv6 Deployment Roadmap”
1. All major Service providers (having at least 10,000 internet customers
or STM-1 bandwidth) will target to handle IPv6 traffic and offer IPv6
services by December-2011.
2. All central and State government ministries and departments,
including its PSUs, shall start using IPv6 services by March-
2012.
3. Formation of the IPv6 Task Force with one Oversight Committee,
one Steering Committee and 10 working groups.
Proposed IPv6 Deployment Plan for Government Departments
Timeframe of Activities by Govt. Departments
Functions of Different Working Groups
WG-1 (Training and Awareness for ~ 250,000 persons)
• Hands-on trainings in association with APNIC, IISc and
other organizations
• IPv6 Certification programmes for qualified engineers
• Trainings for nodal officers from government
• Conducting Workshops, seminars and conferences
WG-2 (IPv6 Network Implementation)
• Studying the different network scenarios and make
action plans for individual service providers /
organizations.
WG-3 (IPv6 Standards and Specifications)
• Coordinate with TEC for development of common IPv6
specifications for the country, which will be followed by
all stakeholders.
Functions of Different Working Groups
WG-4 (India6 Network)
• To study, plan and prepare a project report for building
a nationwide IPv6 Carrier Network called “Transition
Pipe”, which will be entrusted to one of the operators
WG-5 (Experimental IPv6 Network)
• Study, plan and prepare to build this network, which
can then be used for experimentation by different
vendors and organizations both from the public and the
private sector.
Functions of Different Working Groups
WG-6 (Pilot Projects on “Greenfield Applications”)
• Prepare Plans, project reports, funding models and
coordinate with different government and service
providers to take up the deployment of such pilot
projects to demonstrate the IPv6 capabilities
WG-7 (Application Support)
• Facilitate the transition of existing content and
applications and development of new content and
applications on IPv6.
WG-8 (Knowledge Resource Development)
• To ensure active participation of the educational institutes
• Involved in the change of curriculum to include study of IPv6
as a subject.
Functions of Different Working Groups
WG-9 (IPv6 Implementation in Government)
• Pursue with different government departments for
implementation of IPv6.
• Guidance on solving problems related to implementation of IPv6
• Members will be drawn from nodal officers in various
government departments for active participation
WG-10 (Network Security)
• Research on Security related issues in IPv6
• Development of security protocols specific to India for use in
Indian Networks
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